Obligations, Sunnahs, and Recommended Acts of Salah
A Complete, Authentic, and Easy Islamic Guide
Introduction
Salah is a fundamental pillar of Islam, and performing it correctly is obligatory for every Muslim. To ensure the correctness of Salah, it is essential to know its Fara'id (obligatory acts), Wajibat (necessary acts), Sunnahs, and Mustahabbat (recommended acts). This blog explains the obligations, Sunnahs, and Mustahabbat of the five daily prayers in detail, making it easy for ordinary Muslims to understand and perform their prayers correctly.
Obligations of Salah
The acts that are compulsory in the five daily prayers are known as the obligations (Wajibat) of Salah. If any obligation is omitted unintentionally, Sujud al-Sahw (prostration of forgetfulness) becomes necessary; if omitted deliberately, the prayer becomes invalid.
- Saying "Allahu Akbar" in Takbeer-e-Tahreemah.
- Reciting Alhamdulillah.
- Reciting a Surah: In the first two units of Fard Salah and in every unit of the remaining prayers, recite a short Surah, or three short verses, or one or two verses equivalent to them.
- Alhamdulillah must come before the Surah.
- Nothing should come between Alhamdulillah and the Surah.
- Proceed to Ruku immediately after completing the recitation.
- Tadil-e-Arkaan: During Ruku, Sujud, Qoomah, and sitting, recite at least "SubhanAllah" once in each position.
- Qoomah: Standing straight after Ruku.
- Sitting: Sitting straight between the two prostrations.
- Qadah-e-Awwal (the first sitting).
- Reciting the full Tashahhud in both sittings.
- Reciting Salam twice.
- Reciting Dua-e-Qunoot in Witr Salah.
- Saying "Allahu Akbar" before Dua-e-Qunoot.
- Perform Sujud al-Sahw in case of forgetfulness.
- Do not remain silent during the three Tasbeeh between two Fard, two Wajib, or a Fard and Wajib.
- Every Fard and Wajib must be performed in its prescribed position.
- In Fard, Witr, and Sunnah-e-Muakkadah, do not recite anything other than Tashahhud in Qadah-e-Awwal.
Fiqh Note
In Fard, Witr, and Sunnah-e-Muakkadah, if one forgetfully recites "Allahumma Salli Ala Muhammad" or "Allahumma Salli Ala Sayyidina" after Tashahhud in Qadah-e-Awwal, Sujud al-Sahw is necessary. If recited intentionally, the prayer must be repeated. In four-unit Nafl or non-Muakkadah Sunnahs (such as before Asr and Isha), it is Mustahab to recite Durood Sharif in Qadah-e-Awwal and recite Subhan and A'udhu in the third unit.
(Source: Dar Mukhtar)
Sunnahs of Salah
Sunnahs are actions established from the practice of the Prophet ﷺ, and performing them enhances the beauty and reward of Salah.
- Raising hands for Takbeer-e-Tahreemah.
- Keeping fingers in a natural position.
- Not lowering the head during Takbeer.
- Raising hands before Takbeer.
- Folding hands immediately after Takbeer.
- Reciting praise first, then A'udhu Billah, then Bismillah.
- Saying Ameen after completing Alhamdulillah.
- Placing hands on knees during Ruku without spreading fingers.
- Saying "Subhana Rabbi Al-Azeem" at least three times in Ruku.
- Saying "Allahu Akbar" when going into Ruku.
- Bending only enough so that the hands reach the knees.
- Reciting "Sami Allahu liman Hamidah" when rising from Ruku.
- Saying "Allahu Akbar" when going to and rising from Sujud.
- Placing hands on the ground in Sujud.
- Saying "Subhana Rabbi Al-Ala" at least three times in Sujud.
- Placing knees, then hands, then nose, then forehead when going into Sujud and reversing the order when rising.
- Sitting compactly in Sujud.
- Sitting between the two prostrations like Tashahhud.
- Rising to the second unit on the toes with hands on knees.
- Sitting on the left foot in Qadah and keeping the right foot upright.
- Placing the right hand on the right thigh and the left hand on the left thigh.
- Keeping fingers in a natural position.
- Pointing with the finger on the testimony of faith.
- Reciting Durood Sharif after Tashahhud in the final sitting.
- Making supplication in Arabic after Durood, preferably those narrated from scholars.
- Saying "Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullah" twice: first to the right, then to the left.
- After Zuhr, Maghrib, and Isha, stand for Sunnah prayers after a brief supplication.
(Source: Dar Mukhtar, Alamgiri)
Mustahabbat of Salah
Mustahabbat are recommended actions that enhance Khushu (concentration) and Khudoo (humility) in Salah.
- Focusing on the place of prostration while standing.
- Looking toward the back of the feet in Ruku.
- Looking toward the nose in Sujud.
- Looking toward the lap in Qadah.
- Looking to the right shoulder in the first Salam.
- Looking to the left in the second Salam.
- Keeping the mouth closed during yawning; cover with the back of the hand if necessary.
- Keeping hands inside the clothing during Takbeer-e-Tahreemah.
- Trying to avoid coughing as much as possible.
- Maintaining a distance of four fingers between both feet while standing.
(Source: Alamgiri)
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What are the obligations (Wajibat) of Salah?
The obligations of Salah include reciting Surah Al-Fatiha, adding a Surah, maintaining proper posture (Tadil-e-Arkaan), and performing all required actions in their correct order.
2. What happens if a Wajib act is missed in Salah?
If a Wajib act is missed unintentionally, Sujud al-Sahw becomes necessary. If missed deliberately, the prayer must be repeated.
3. What is the difference between Fard and Wajib in Salah?
Fard acts are compulsory and missing them invalidates the prayer, while Wajib acts are necessary and missing them requires Sujud al-Sahw.
4. What are Sunnahs of Salah?
Sunnahs are actions practiced by the Prophet ﷺ that increase the reward and perfection of Salah.
5. What are Mustahabbat in Salah?
Mustahabbat are recommended acts that enhance concentration, humility, and beauty of the prayer.
6. Is Sujud al-Sahw required for missing Sunnah acts?
No, Sujud al-Sahw is not required for missing Sunnah acts, but it is required for missing Wajib acts unintentionally.
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